In 2002 through 2003, Abt Global conducted a study for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development of HOPE VI redevelopment projects' effects on their surrounding neighborhoods. Abt Global conducted case studies of HOPE VI grants in five cities and explored change in key indicators of neighborhood improvement. The report found that HOPE VI projects tended to affect the perception of the neighborhood, which in turn impacted investment decisions. In all five case studies, there were improved perceptions of quality of life and improved future options. However, public housing redevelopment alone did not create a vibrant community; good quality public schools also played an essential element in attracting families with a mixture of incomes. Abt Global also created a set of neighborhood indicators for use by local evaluators to measure the impact of a HOPE VI project.